The fungus Paecilomyces from Leang Pettae in Maros karst area and the suggestions for rock art preservation

Jamur Paecilomyces dari Leang Pettae di kawasan karst Maros dan saran pelestarian gambar cadasnya

Authors

  • Raden Cecep Eka Permana Department of Archaeology, Universitas Indonesia
  • Mohammad Habibi Kongju National University
  • Edy Gunawan Regional Office for Cultural Properties Preservation in East Kalimantan Province
DOI     10.30883/jba.v41i1.602

Keywords:

rock arts, Paecilomyces, conservation, Leang Pettae site

Abstract

This paper examines microorganisms causing damage to rock arts in Leang Pettae, Maros Karst Area, South Sulawesi. The damage is indicated by a layer of white sediment on the cave walls and rock arts. This research aims to identify the microorganisms that cause the damage and to determine the preservation strategy for the rock arts. Microorganism samples were taken from the area around the damaged hand stencils and figurative paintings of babirusa (Babyrousa). The samples were cultured on PDA (Potatoes Dextrose Agar) medium at the Biology Laboratory of the Agency for Borobudur Conservation. The analysis identifies fungus from the genus Paecilomyces, which thrives in humid and wet conditions, and produces protease enzymes that affect the organic elements of the rock arts. To preserve the rock arts in Leang Pettae, it is suggested to control temperature and humidity, prevent air pollution, and limit human activities inside the cave.

Abstrak

Tulisan ini mengkaji mikroorganisme penyebab kerusakan gambar cadas di Leang Pettae, Kawasan Karst Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Mikroorganisme ini tumbuh subur pada kondisi gua yang lembab dan basah. Bentuk kerusakan ditunjukkan dengan lapisan endapan putih pada dinding gua dan gambar cadas. Penelitian ini mengidentiï€kasi mikroorganisme penyebab kerusakan sebagai upaya pencegahan serta pelestarian gua dan gambar cadas. Sampel mikroorganisme diambil dari sekitar gambar cap telapak tangan dan babirusa yang mengalami kerusakan. Pembiakan sampel dilakukan pada media PDA (Potatoes Dextrose Agar) di Laboratorium Biologi Balai Konservasi Borobudur. Analisis berhasil mengidentiï€kasi sampel berupa jamur dari genus Paecilomyces. Jamur jenis ini menghasilkan enzim protease dan dapat mempengaruhi unsur organik gambar cadas yang menyebabkan kerusakan pada banyak gambar cadas. Berdasarkan karakteristik jamur, saran untuk pelestarian gambar cadas di Leang Pettae yakni, mengontrol suhu dan kelembapan, mencegah polusi udara, dan membatasi aktivitas manusia di dalam ruang gua.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aubert, M., Brumm, A., Ramli, M., Sutikna, T., Saptomo, E. W., Hakim, B., Morwood, M. J., van den Bergh, G. D., Kinsley, L., & Dosseto, A. (2014). Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Nature, 514(7521), 223–227. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13422

Aubert, M., Lebe, R., Oktaviana, A. A., Tang, M., Burhan, B., Hamrullah, Jusdi, A., Abdullah, Hakim, B., Zhao, J. xin, Geria, I. M., Sulistyarto, P. H., Sardi, R., & Brumm, A. (2019). Earliest hunting scene in prehistoric art. Nature, 576(7787), 442–445. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1806-y

Barnett, H. L., & Hunter, B. B. (1972). Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. Burgess Publishing Company.

Bastian, F., Jurado, V., Nováková, A., Alabouvette, C., & Saiz-Jimenez, C. (2010). The microbiology of Lascaux Cave. Microbiology, 156(3), 644–652. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.036160-0

Bednarik, R. (2003). Rock art conservation. International Federation RockArt Organization.

Duppa, A., Daud, A., & Bahar, B. (2020). Kualitas udara ambien di sekitar industri semen Bosowa Kabupaten Maros. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Maritim, 3(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.30597/jkmm.v3i1.10296

Fitria, L., Wulandari, R. A., Hermawati, E., & Susanna, D. (2008). Kualitas udara dalam ruang perpustakaan universitas x ditinjau dari kualitas biologi, fisik, dan kimiawi. Makara, Kesehatan, 12(2), 76–82.

Glover, I. C. (1976). Ulu Leang Cave, Maros: A preliminary sequence of past pleistocene cultural developments in South Sulawesi. Archipel, 11(1), 113–154. https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1976_num_11_1_1271

Glover, I. C. (1981). Leang Burung 2: An upper paleolithic rock shelter in South Sulawesi. Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia, 6, 1–38.

Hasibuan, F., Warsito, & Suciyati, S. W. (2015). Simulasi model dispersi polutan gas dan partikulat molekul pada pabrik semen dengan menggunakan software Matlab 7.12. Jurnal Teori Dan Aplikasi Fisika, 03(02), 142–150.

Inglis, P. W., & Tigano, M. S. (2006). Identification and taxonomy of some entomopathogenic Paecilomyces spp. Genetics and Moleculer Biology, 29(1), 132–136.

Jurado, V., Nova, A., Alabouvette, C., & Saiz-Jimenez, C. (2009). The fungal colonisation of rock art caves: Experimental evidence. Naturwissenschaften, 96, 1027–1034.

MacDonald, B. L., Stalla, D., He, X., Rahemtulla, F., Emerson, D., Dube, P. A., Maschmann, M. R., Klesner, C. E., & White, T. A. (2019). Hunter-gatherers harvested and heated microbial biogenic iron oxides to produce rock art pigment. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 17070. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53564-w

Mitova, M., Iliev, M., & Groudeva, V. (2015). Identification of Bacillus strains isolated from rock paintings in Magoura Cave, Bulgaria. Journal of BioScience & Biotechnology, Special Ed, 303–306.

Moreno-Gavira, A., Huertas, V., Dianez, F., Sanchec-Mountesinos, B., & Santos, M. (2020). Paecilomyces and its importance in the biological control of agriculture pests and diseases. Plant, 9, 1746.

Mulvaney, D. J., & Soejono, R. P. (1970). The Australian-Indonesian archaeological expedition to Sulawesi. Asian Perspective, XIII, 163–179.

Nucci, M., & Anaissie, E. J. (2009). Hyalohyphomycosis. In & M. A. P. Elias J. Anaissie, Michael R. McGinnis (Ed.), Clinical Mycology (Second, pp. 309–327). Churchill Livingstone.

Nur, M. (2017). Analisis nilai penting 40 gua prasejarah di Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya, 11(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v11i1.171

Permana, R. C. E. (2009). Rock art in South Sulawesi (Indonesia) and their conservation issues. The 23th Conference on International Cooperation in Conservation 2009.

Permana, R. C. E. (2014). Gambar tangan gua-gua prasejarah Pangkep-Maros Sulawesi Selatan. Wedatama Widya Sastra.

Rosa, B., & Elvrida. (2017). Kajian efektivitas pemberian pupuk guano dan biochar terhadap produksi dan serapan hara NPK tanaman padi. Jurnal Agrotek Lestari, 4(2), 71–79.

Said, A. M., Ramli, M., & Sumantri, L. (Eds.). (2007). Direktori potensi wisata budaya di kawasan karst Maros-Pangkep Sulawesi Selatan Indonesia. Balai Pelestarian Peninggalan Purbakala Makassar.

Samidi. (1986). Laporan konservasi lukisan perahu/sampan di Gua Sumpang Bita (tahap awal) dan konservasi lukisan babi rusa di Gua Pattae Kere (penyelesaian).

Samson, R. A. (1974). Paecilomyces and some allied Hyphomycetes. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.

Sari, K. M., Pasigai, A., & Wahyudi, I. (2016). Pengaruh pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea var. Bathytis L.) pada Oxic Dystrudepts Lembantongoa. E-J. Agrotekbis, 4 (2), 151–159.

Soejono, R. P., & Leirissa, R. Z. (Eds.). (2009). Sejarah nasional Indonesia I (Edisi mutakhir). PN Balai Pustaka.

Suhartono, Y. (2012). Faktor-faktor penyebab kerusakan lukisan gua prasejarah di Maros Pangkep dan upaya penanganannya. Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya Borobudur, 6, 14–25. http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/4083/

Suhartono, Y., Atmaja, Y., & Lambang, R. P. (2008). Studi konservasi lukisan gua prasejarah di Maros dan Pangkep.

Suma’mur, P. (2009). Higene perusahaan dan kesehatan kerja. Sagung Seto.

The fungus Paecilomyces from Leang Pettae in Maros karst area and the suggestions for rock art preservation

Published

2021-05-30

How to Cite

Permana, R. C. E., Habibi, M., & Gunawan, E. (2021). The fungus Paecilomyces from Leang Pettae in Maros karst area and the suggestions for rock art preservation. Berkala Arkeologi, 41(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.30883/jba.v41i1.602

Issue

Section

Articles