The signification of paramita teachings in Jatakamala reliefs at Candi Borobudur: Semiotic perspective
Pemaknaan ajaran paramita pada relief Jatakamala di Candi Borobudur: Perspektif semiotika
Keywords:
Buddhism, didactic means, Peirce's semiotics, six perfections, DharmaAbstract
This paper examines how the Jatakamala reliefs at Candi Borobudur represent the teachings of six perfections (sat-paramita), the social roles of the main characters, and the universal values in the stories. This research is necessary as previous studies do not provide adequate analyses on how Jatakamala is associated with the practice of perfections. By integrating three data components: the reliefs, the manuscript, and the sutras on six perfections, this study employed pragmatic semiotics by Charles Sanders Peirce to identify the perfection(s) in five Jatakamala stories. Thematic analysis was employed to discern social roles and universal messages in 14 stories. Application of Peirce's triadic shows that each story represents multiple perfections. The main characters in Jatakamala play an active social role and tackle issues in society through actions and exemplification. Jatakamala also contains universal values as a means for learning and education.
Abstrak
Tulisan ini mengkaji bagaimana relief Jatakamala di Candi Borobudur merepresentasikan ajaran enam kesempurnaan (sat-paramita), peran sosial dari tokoh utama, dan nilai-nilai universal di dalam cerita. Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan karena belum ada analisis yang memadai bagaimana Jatakamala diasosiasikan dengan praktik kesempurnaan pada kajian-kajian terdahulu. Berdasarkan tiga komponen data: relief, naskah, dan sutra-sutra mengenai enam kesempurnaan, kajian ini menggunakan semiotika pragmatis Charles Sanders Peirce untuk mengidentifikasi kesempurnaan/multikesempurnaan pada lima cerita Jatakamala. Analisis tematis digunakan untuk melihat peran sosial dan pesan universal dalam 14 cerita. Penerapan triadik Peirce menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing cerita merepresentasikan multikesempurnaan. Tokoh utama dalam Jatakamala berperan aktif secara sosial dan turut memecahkan isu-isu di masyarakat melalui tindakan dan keteladanan. Jatakamala juga mengandung nilai-nilai universal sebagai sarana pembelajaran dan pendidikan.
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