Alternative model for sustainable utilization of underwater cultural heritage in Indonesia
Alternatif model pemanfaatan berkelanjutan tinggalan budaya bawah air di Indonesia
Keywords:
Underwater cultural heritage, BMKT, Underwater archaeology, utilization of Cultural Preservation, ecosystem restorationAbstract
Indonesia’s abundant underwater cultural heritage is potential resource for the pride of national identity, as well as the socio-economic growth. However, current utilization of such resource is still merely limited to exploitable commodities with no consideration to its sustainability. This article aims to identify problems in the regulatory aspect of the utilization of underwater cultural heritage in Indonesia and to propose an alternative utilization model to respond the identified problems. Data collection for this study includes structured interview and literature study. Interviewees are selected people from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, and Association of Indonesian Archaeologist. The results of qualitative analysis on the interview show overlapping implementation of four regulations regarding underwater cultural heritage. This article proposes a utilization concept adopted from the ecosystem restoration concession model as an alternative for sustainable utilization of underwater cultural heritage.
Keywords: Underwater cultural heritage; heritage management; BMKT; Underwater archaeology; shipwreck.
Abstrak
Indonesia memiliki banyak tinggalan budaya bawah air yang berpotensi meningkatkan kebanggaan identitas bangsa dan mendorong kemajuan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Akan tetapi, saat ini pemanfaatan tinggalan budaya bawah air sebatas pada komoditas ekonomi yang diperjualbelikan tanpa memperhatikan keselamatan dan kelestariannya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan dalam aspek regulasi pemanfaatan tinggalan budaya bawah air dan menyajikan model pemanfaatan alternatif sebagai respon terhadap permasalahan tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan studi pustaka dan wawancara terstruktur terhadap narasumber yang mewakili Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, serta Perkumpulan Ahli Arkeologi Indonesia. Analisis kualitatif terhadap hasil wawancara menunjukkan adanya tumpang tindih implementasi empat regulasi terkait pemanfaatan tinggalan budaya bawah air. Tulisan ini juga menawarkan konsep yang diadopsi dari model konsesi Restorasi Ekosistem sebagai model pemanfaatan tinggalan bawah air yang berkelanjutan.
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